Methods to treat myopia progression in pediatric patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58931/cect.2022.116Abstract
Myopia is an enormous, and growing, public health issue across the globe. The prevalence of myopia has doubled in just the past 50 years and it is estimated that approximately half of the world’s population (4.8 billion people) will be affected by 2050. The increase has been especially pronounced in individuals of East Asian descent, where 80-90% of young adults are now myopic. Myopia is now the most common cause of visual impairment and the second most common cause of blindness worldwide.
While often considered a “correctable” cause of vision loss, people with myopia have an increased lifetime risk of complications, such as macular degeneration and retinal detachment, which can cause long-term visual impairment or even blindness. Although all levels of myopia are associated with an increased risk of complications, the risk is substantially greater in people with high myopia (defined by the World Health Organization as a refractive error of ≤-5 diopters ). In addition to a large burden of visual impairment, myopia also has a significant global economic cost, estimated to be $250 billion per year in lost productivity, which is almost certain to rise.
With these factors in mind, preventing the progression of myopia is a global public health priority. The purpose of this article is to review the currently available methods to treat myopia progression in children.
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